Intelligence and Theory for Educational Evaluation and Policy

Question: Examine about theIntelligence and Theory for Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis. Answer: As indicated by separate from Teachers TV knowledge rotates round unrivaled quality execution in undertakings that require psychological aptitudes where the individual can inspire an emotional response among cerebrum and substantial developments. Discernment is required in the execution of knowledge since it encourages a person to reason, see and use logiomathmatical aptitudes while playing out an undertaking. The equivalent has been shown in a compact way with the assistance of popular athlete David Beckham and his exceptional abilities of striking an objective. This is one away from of insight with the most extreme maintenance of subtleties and data at the top of the priority list for the ideal harmonization and implantation of them so as to explain a circumstance. It tends to be subsequently never deduced in an oversimplified way that an athlete needn't bother with insight since it requires the most noteworthy joint effort of subjective abilities so as to settle on choice during an essential second. The psychological and physical parity that the competitor accomplishes is itself one case of having shrewd operator resources. In the short video, it is well discernable how the competitors are required to settle on immediate arrangements pivotal to winning and losing in a movement where there is no extent of following up on sheer motivation. One of the other most essential parts of insight is intellectual prowess control to accomplish something (Nilan, 2018). Two differentiating school subjects would be Mathematics and History, the previous requires critical thinking aptitudes, language framework, working memory, inhibitory procedures and visual spatial preparing with the end goal of data getting a handle on and control, utilization of applied information required for maths. The later is about memory, capacity to reiterate realities require the subjective abilities of working memory and sequencing. The youngster and grown-up are both wise since they are both possessing essential psychological abilities like consideration, memory, creative mind, mindfulness towards outer occasions and figuring which they can apply in basic critical thinking aptitudes like grown-ups. Anyway if there should be an occurrence of grown-ups it is especially extraordinary since grown-ups use mind in a more productive way than youngsters. This is clear in the use of cerebrum and execution of undertaking with various degree of mind capability. Grown-ups are increasingly initiated in utilizing the mind locales when contrasted with the youngsters and along these lines can be named progressively savvy when contrasted with kids. They are disparate in verbal IQ, ability for handling data, picture appreciation where the WAIS scale was more steady in grown-ups than in youngsters. Verbal insight angles like jargon and cognizance are additionally preferred in the grown-ups over found inside the youngsters. Another key zone of distinction is youngsters are at a formative phase of subjective aptitudes while in grown-ups, they are available in a total way. In grown-ups subjective improvement results from a mind boggling process in various extents where will the parts of cerebrum increase full shape bringing about creation the individual intelligent. As per me knowledge is the aggregate capacity to utilize memory, experience and creative mind so as to tackle issues and gain from the experience. It likewise helps in thinking, thinking conceptually, making analogies and in this manner defeat obstructions (West et al 2016). I have picked this specific detailing since it includes a nearby amicability and cooperation of subjective abilities bringing about endeavor of reasonable activity that can be named as insight. Reference List: Nilan, M. (2018). PGCE International - Understanding Learning. [online] Nottingham.ac.uk. Accessible at: https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/~ttzelrn/understanding-learning-e/unit2/section2.php [Accessed 22 Apr. 2018]. West, M.R., Kraft, M.A., Finn, A.S., Martin, R.E., Duckworth, A.L., Gabrieli, C.F. furthermore, Gabrieli, J.D., 2016. Guarantee and conundrum: Measuring understudies non-psychological aptitudes and the effect of schooling.Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis,38(1), pp.148-170.

Management organisational behaviour Free Essays

Question: Goal-setting Is generally utilized In the executives practice, yet is objective setting all masters and no cons? Talk about both the advantages and the conceivable drawback, or â€Å"darkled† of objective setting. Presentation Introduce the point and quickly portray what objective setting is in your own words. Characterize how we’re going to apply objective setting with regards to an association Briefly talk about the advantages and disadvantages of objective setting Discuss my perspective what are the most proficient techniques for objective settings and how might they be applied to an association or an Individual. We will compose a custom article test on The executives authoritative conduct or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now Passage 1 (What is objective setting? In detail, clarify what objective setting is and characterize Edwin A. Locker’s Goal-setting hypothesis Discuss what components impact objective setting (E. G Specific, sensible objectives work best) Evaluate on how associations and people apply objective settings Paragraph 2 ( for what reason do we use It? ) Motivation Help you to envision and plan activities to accomplish what you need at that point complete it Paragraph 3 (Benefits/Pros) Begin the section with how objective setting is valuable as a theme sentence Create a rundown of key advantages that can be applied to associations and people Gives a way o you know precisely where you are going and what you have to do to arrive without stalling. Practicality that comprises of littler achievements, so it causes the bigger objective to appear to be progressively feasible Set achievements will constrain you to set prolepses, consequently keeping you from getting occupied Organization Goals could be accomplished quicker and all the more adequately when it is being separated into littler objectives and worked together in a group Obtaining littler and increasingly visit achievements will give a feeling of accomplishment that inspires the association When an association is working with a customer littler objectives permits the customer to be consistently mindful of the associations progress towards the last objective giving a conviction that all is good Individuals Makes you mindful of your own qualities and shortcomings Keeps you centered Makes you answerable for your own prosperity or disappointments Improve your mental self portrait Limits your pressure Paragraph 4 ( Negatives ) Begin the section with examining the drawbacks of objective setting Create a rundown of key drawbacks that can be suggested to associations and people Creates a dread of losing ( being censured) High speed execution may trigger mistake, and absence of subtleties when arriving at the last objective. Higher exactness could be gained however it occurs at a much more slow rate, because of spotlight on improving quality. Association in objectives. Technique for accomplishing that achievement might be diverse for every person when it is essential to work industriously as a group Individual Intense measure of outstanding task at hand may designate an individual into tarrying once the person accepts that their objective can never be accomplished until its cutoff time (fatigue) Competition might be utilized as an impetus to accelerate the pace of accomplishment, yet it ay result in obstructed objective achievement. Deficiency of time may lead laborers to apply unsystematic strategies, being not able to get objectives morally or adequately. Section 5 (So how would we use Goal-setting to its most extreme limit? Quickly clarify how objective setting is normally utilized inside associations Give instances of genuine objective orientated associations and people Carefully structure practicali ty back up plans Paragraph 6 (end) Reintroduce the theme question Summaries every passage What is objective setting? For what reason do we use objective setting Benefits and drawbacks How would we use objective setting to its most extreme limit Diaries Plan Week 4 †Starting eighteenth August Research and gather any accessible articles about objective setting utilizing cholesterol, infringe, fight, at that point begin perusing Gather brief data on every article Start recording essential organization of task 1 figure out how to reference utilizing Harvard or PAPA style referencing Start reviewing task 1 Week 5 †Starting 25th August Finish with task 1 Assignment 1 due on 27th of August Complete full/nitty gritty research from gathered assets Week 6 †Starting third September Gather data for first and second section with Cholesterol, Encroach, and dissent †What is Goal-setting? , and for what reason do we use it Have an essential organization of how the presentation and second passages will be composed Final review will be led later on in the wake of gathering all the vital data Week 7 †Starting ninth September Collect data for section 3 and 4 with Cholesterol, Encroach, and dissent †Benefits and Downsides Have a fundamental configuration/composed guide of how the third and fourth passages will be composed Week 8 †Starting sixteenth September Collect data for passage 5 with Cholesterol, Encroach, and dissent †How would we use it to augment its utilization? Have an essential configuration/composed guide of how the fifth passage will be composed Start task 2 Complete the entirety of the body sections up to the end Start and complete the end Start and complete the referencing Allow peer audit for free points of view or for checking syntactic blunders Study Break †Starting first October Final editing of task 2 without anyone else week 10 †ASSIGNMENT TWO DUE on seventh October Hand in exposition by means of Nipping site before 4:pm Annotated list of sources Lethal, GAP 2004, ‘The persuasive advantages of objective setting, Academy of Management Executive, Volvo. 18, no. 4, up. 126-129. The article an inquired about dependent on inspiration, self-guideline and errand the executives. This exploration depends on a speculation that individuals who dole out errands for themselves, or have their own arrangement of objectives to accomplish by specific cutoff times would for the most part beat the individuals who are doled out under takings by their managers. At long last nonetheless, the specialists found that paying little mind to how the errands were appointed to an individual, the degree of responsibility was on par. In any case, individuals with various attributes and characters may show an extraordinary contrast of execution quality when an errand is alloted to them as opposed to giving them the opportunity of setting their own undertakings. Different examinations identifying with this exploration were additionally led, and one of them indicated that if the trouble of the errand was unaltered, the degree of execution was likewise consistent paying little mind to being relegated to or self-controlled. In spite of the fact that I concur with the writer, I can't help contradicting a few pieces of the article since the degree of execution won't remain consistent when the trouble rises. Because of some misfortune in inspiration in the wake of being confronted with an objective that they realize they would never accomplish in, a few people would prefer under accomplish than to be frustrated in their outcomes. Locke, EAI Lethal, GAP 2006, ‘New Directions in Goal Setting Theory, A Journal of the Association for Psychological Science, Volvo. 15, no. 5, up. 265-268 The article is about a connection between objective setting and assignment execution during a multi year time span, in light of 400 lab and field examines. The strategy for inquire about included masterminding members into gatherings of various degree of assignments. For instance the American Pulpwood Association probed their uneducated, untalented workers to check whether defining an objective would build their profitability. Tight cutoff times before long lead to a fast increment in work pace and set objectives likewise roused the laborers to find the information expected to acquire more prominent objectives. The examination outlined how inspiration can be estimated from various degrees of sensible objectives when contrasted and the degree of inspiration of having free cutoff times. The information gathered higher undertaking execution, though simple, dubious, and ridiculous objectives lead to a decrease in and task execution. I concur with this article as having a define objective that is sensible lifts good and inspiration to increment anyone’s work execution. Kim, Hammer, Jay S, W. Mud, 1976. Diary of Applied Psychology. Impact of Performance Feedback and Goal Setting on Productivity and Satisfaction in an Organizational Setting, 61 , 48-57. The article shows how a mix of input and objective settings fundamentally expanded the work execution. The examination was led in four separate plants with administration type Jobs, with most of the members whom were industrial, and the remainder of them being ladies. Three target reference measures were represented (cost execution, truancy, and security). The outcomes plainly show that a blend of objective setting and input is far better than objective setting alone on the expense and security proportions of execution. Be that as it may, a blend of inherent and outward inputs would augment the full limit of a person’s execution level. As I would like to think, this article is extremely precise since it tends to be applied to any sexual orientation and age. Useful criticisms that are both characteristic and extraneous is significant for understudies to realize where they turned out badly so as to perform better in up and coming assignments. Step by step instructions to refer to Management hierarchical conduct, Papers

Excellent Book Covers Hitting Shelves in April 2018

Excellent Book Covers Hitting Shelves in April 2018 Happy spring! We love a good book cover here at the Riot, and what better way to celebrate than with a collection of (some of) the great new book covers hitting shelves in April? Some of these are reprints or paperbacks, but mostly they are new books! Yay, new books! We dont want to endorse judging these books by their covers, but, we also wouldnt endorse you *not* judging these books by their awesome new book covers. Acid West: Essays by Joshua Wheeler Out April 17 from MCD X Fsg Originals. Animals Eat Each Other by Elle Nash Out April 3 from Dzanc. Before Mars  by Emma Newman Out April 17 from Ace. Beyond Measure: Essays by Rachel Z. Arndt Out April 10 from Sarabande Books. Bluff by Michael Kardos Out April 3 from Grove Atlantic/Mysterious Press. The Comedown  by Rebekah Frumkin Out April 17 from Henry Holt and Co. Creative Quest by Questlove Out April 24 from Ecco. Fascism: A Warning by Madeleine Albright Out April 10 from Harper. The Feather Thief: Beauty, Obsession, and the Natural History Heist of the Century by Kirk Wallace Johnson Out April 24 from Viking. The Female Persuasion by Meg Wolitzer Out April 3 from Riverhead Books. For Every One by Jason Reynolds Out April 10 from Atheneum/Caitlyn Dlouhy Books. Heads of the Colored People: Stories by Nafissa Thompson-Spires Out April 10 from Atria/37 Ink. How to be Safe by Tom McAllister Out April 3 from Liveright. Leah on the Offbeat by Becky Albertalli Out April 24 from HarperCollins/Balzer + Bray. Oceanic by Aimee Nezhukumatathil Out April 10 from Copper Canyon Press. Other Peoples Houses by Abbi Waxman Out April 3 from Berkley. Space Opera by Catherynne M. Valente Out April 10 from SAGA Press. The Trauma Cleaner: One Womans Extraordinary Life in the Business of Death, Decay, and Disaster by Sarah Krasnostein Out April 10 from St. Martins Press. If you need more book covers to ogle, check out these 50 beautiful book covers featuring black women, the 2018 Pantone color of the year and YA book covers, and  16 beautiful Jane Eyre covers.

Excellent Book Covers Hitting Shelves in April 2018

Excellent Book Covers Hitting Shelves in April 2018 Happy spring! We love a good book cover here at the Riot, and what better way to celebrate than with a collection of (some of) the great new book covers hitting shelves in April? Some of these are reprints or paperbacks, but mostly they are new books! Yay, new books! We dont want to endorse judging these books by their covers, but, we also wouldnt endorse you *not* judging these books by their awesome new book covers. Acid West: Essays by Joshua Wheeler Out April 17 from MCD X Fsg Originals. Animals Eat Each Other by Elle Nash Out April 3 from Dzanc. Before Mars  by Emma Newman Out April 17 from Ace. Beyond Measure: Essays by Rachel Z. Arndt Out April 10 from Sarabande Books. Bluff by Michael Kardos Out April 3 from Grove Atlantic/Mysterious Press. The Comedown  by Rebekah Frumkin Out April 17 from Henry Holt and Co. Creative Quest by Questlove Out April 24 from Ecco. Fascism: A Warning by Madeleine Albright Out April 10 from Harper. The Feather Thief: Beauty, Obsession, and the Natural History Heist of the Century by Kirk Wallace Johnson Out April 24 from Viking. The Female Persuasion by Meg Wolitzer Out April 3 from Riverhead Books. For Every One by Jason Reynolds Out April 10 from Atheneum/Caitlyn Dlouhy Books. Heads of the Colored People: Stories by Nafissa Thompson-Spires Out April 10 from Atria/37 Ink. How to be Safe by Tom McAllister Out April 3 from Liveright. Leah on the Offbeat by Becky Albertalli Out April 24 from HarperCollins/Balzer + Bray. Oceanic by Aimee Nezhukumatathil Out April 10 from Copper Canyon Press. Other Peoples Houses by Abbi Waxman Out April 3 from Berkley. Space Opera by Catherynne M. Valente Out April 10 from SAGA Press. The Trauma Cleaner: One Womans Extraordinary Life in the Business of Death, Decay, and Disaster by Sarah Krasnostein Out April 10 from St. Martins Press. If you need more book covers to ogle, check out these 50 beautiful book covers featuring black women, the 2018 Pantone color of the year and YA book covers, and  16 beautiful Jane Eyre covers.

Lord of the Flies - 642 Words

The book Lord of the Flies shows us how humans act when there is a weakly constructed system of power. We see how a group of civilized young men change into a bunch of crazy animalistic beasts over a very short period of time when there is no one who is â€Å"above† them to order them around and set rules. In The Hunger Games we see a society of people grouped into districts who follow the strict rules of the capital. If you question the capital or disobey one rule or show any sign of treason you are very harshly punished. Both of these situations led to violence. This shows that humans are capable of being very violent and when it all comes down to it every person has the choice to follow the crowd or to stand for what they truly believe is right. The message that both of these works are trying to convey is that there needs to be a balance between rules in society or it will result in chaos on a monumental scale. In Lord of the Flies we have a group of boys the main ones being Ralph, the protagonist and Jack, the antagonist. Both of these boy have different ideas on how rules should be set up. This leads to major conflict and violence throughout the novel. It is very clear in the novel that Ralph likes to thoroughly think things through, while Jack likes to take immediate action â€Å"There was the brilliant world of hunting, tactics, fierce exhilaration, skill; and there was the world of longing and baffled commonsense† (pg 71) . This quote functions asShow MoreRelatedThe Lord Of The Flies1262 Words   |  6 Pages2015 Lord of the Flies Research Paper Evils are what drive all of the negative things in society. Characteristics of evil are all around us in our everyday lives. political leaders, celebrities, People we idolize show characteristics of evil. Even small insignificant roles in society hold certain evils in their motives. Throughout this story these evils were for once boldly stated for all to understand. The games the boys play,the fire they set, and their rescue, in the Lord of the flies showsRead MoreThe Lord Of The Flies1468 Words   |  6 PagesThe Lord of the Flies tells the story of a group of English schoolboys marooned on a tropical island after their plane is shot down during a war. Though the novel is fictional, its exploration of the idea of human evil is at least partly based on Golding’s experience with the real-life violence and brutality of World War II. Free from the rules and structures of civilization and society, the boys on the island in Lord of the Flies descend into savagery. Golding’ s experience in World War II had aRead More Lord of the Flies1827 Words   |  8 Pageswhich desire to follow through with. William Golding’s Lord of the Flies and John Polson’s Hide and Seek are two prime examples that demonstrate the conflict between civilised behaviour and savagery through their characters’ cultured manners, savage impulses and struggles as they decide who they really are as people. The instinct to follow rules and act in a civilised manner is highlighted throughout the first four chapters of Lord of the Flies, but is especially perceptible in the boys’ behaviourRead MoreLord of the Flies1669 Words   |  7 PagesLord Of The Flies Summary [pic] |Lord Of The Flies Summary - The Island | |Lord of the Flies is set during World War 2 on a tropical island in the Coral Sea. A group of boys survive a plane crash and are| |left stranded on a deserted island with no adults. At first the boys cling to the principles and laws they were taught during | |their upbringing. They call a meeting where they establish rules,Read MoreThe Lord Of The Flies1262 Words   |  6 Pages2015 Lord of the Flies Research Paper Evils are what drive all of the negative things in society. Characteristics of evil are all around us in our everyday lives. political leaders, celebrities, People we idolize show characteristics of evil. Even small insignificant roles in society hold certain evils in their motives. Throughout this story these evils were for once boldly stated for all to understand. The games the boys play,the fire they set, and their rescue, in the Lord of the flies showsRead MoreLord of the Flies2048 Words   |  9 PagesIn William Golding’s Lord of the Flies, symbols are illustrated through people, objects, and colors. In this novel, a group of children are faced with the difficulty of living isolated from society after their plane crashes on a deserted island. With no formal civilization, parents, or rules, the kids have the freedom to do as they choose. Throughout the novel, the boys find and use objects on the island that symbolize something of different importance. In Lord of the Flie s, William Golding usesRead MoreThe Lord Of The Flies1385 Words   |  6 PagesLord of the Flies In a life or death situation, desperate people resort to drastic measures. Some people were taught how to survive in brutal situations while others were never taught how to hunt if they were lost in the forest. In this life it’s either we know how to survive in a life or death situation or we learn as we go and do everything possible to stay alive. It is normal for people to experience immoral behavior due to the environment they are in and there is not much that can be done. IRead MoreThe Lord Of The Flies1111 Words   |  5 PagesThe Lord of the Flies Research Project While the World War II was in act, Adolf Hitler once incited â€Å"You only have to kick in the door, and the whole rotten structure will come crashing down†(Adolf Hitler). The structure coming down symbolizes the fact that the boys’ structure of order, and civilization came crashing down as well. This is found throughout the book. Adolf Hitler is known for his dictatorship, his exquisite leadership skills, and violent warfares.. He uncovered that leadership skillsRead MoreThe Lord Of The Flies2105 Words   |  9 PagesBefore starting The Lord of the Flies, a lone question that summed up the entire book was proposed: Are humans good or evil? Though it may not seem like a puzzling question at first, everything inside, and outside of the book makes it more complicated. If we are evil, then everyone would be turned against everyone else from the start, and if we are good, we would always be for everyone else at the beginning. Neither is present in the real world, bring up the question, what is humanity’s true goalRead MoreLord of the Flies871 Words   |  4 PagesWriting an Interpretive Composition Piggy is an important character in William Golding s Lord of The Flies. The novel follows a group of boys who crash land on a deserted island. At first, the boys believe that they will be rescued and will soon return to their normal lives. The reality of the situation, is that the world outside of the island is in war. The island becomes their new home. Using Piggy s physical features, mental state, and emotional level, Golding makes Piggy a symbol of security

An Integrity vs. Rules - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1381 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/05/03 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Integrity Essay Did you like this example? The Google definition of integrity is the qualities of being honest and having strong moral principles. These can be exemplified through staying true to ones self teachings, public service, or even small acts of kindness. Thus showing that when people break the rules to demonstrate their personal values; they are showing strength and personal fortitude to lessons learned. This means that rule following isnt always a requirement because, in some circumstances, people must methodically weigh the consequences versus the benefits of cheating for survival and public good. In times of extreme stress and pressure from the classroom, life, or even war, people must cheat to survive. Cheating breaks the rules of the classroom, society, but can be justified by outside pressure and extreme expectations. Students in schools are compared to others intelligence through state standardized tests, grades, gpas, and SAT or ACT test scores that decide which college they go to. This intimidates many students and stresses them out. This causes many of them to look for alternative ways to succeed. Students feel responsibility in school from parents to get good grades and make it into a good college. There is usually pressure or something significant going on in a students life in which theyre not getting enough support to do this work, so cheating becomes a coping mechanism. (Walker). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "An Integrity vs. Rules" essay for you Create order People arent born in life wanting to cheat in life and get ahead of others. This mindset is taught through high standards and comparison to others in school, such as; tests, projects, and grades. Students under scrutiny for high test scores feel the need to cheat to please others and feel validated in their school work that they work so hard on. If a student tries the best they can and cant get the grades they want; they turn to cheating to help them achieve their burdensome goals. While in reality, adults should be supporting the student and not put so much stress on grades and test scores. Students recognize cheating, but blame it on others. Adults and peer pressure play a big role in the stigma surrounding the increased level of cheating. When students cheat they usually cite individual misjudgement on the part of themselves or their peers, they also pointed to external factors and the climate and structure of the school, namely pressure they felt from adults and their peers. (W alker) Adults wanting their students to achieve the best of their abilities often dont know when the academic pressure is too much. Expectations of straight As and perfect SAT scores must be set aside for the student to feel relaxed at home and in the classroom. This will improve their performance and cause a less corrupted learning environment that doesnt only focus on scores. Parents may compare their child to their siblings or other friends, and feel guilty that they were inadequate parents when their child isnt the highest scoring student. From this place of blame, parents put exorbitant standards and pressure on their children. While the parent should be surrounding their pupil with all the resources, and time they need to feel confident on tests and essays. When people feel stressed and too much pressure from adults and life, they start to cheat to survive the harsh conditions theyre living with. This does break the traditional rules of the classroom and society, but can sometimes feel necessary in severe circumstances. When the consequences of cheating or dishonesty are outweighed by the benefits; such as, public service to safety or food for your family, a persons integrity isnt breached. Edward Snowden is a computer professional who formerly was contracted by the C.I.A before he worked at the N.S.A that detected threats to government computer systems in Hawaii. Edward Snowden revealed the U.S. governments extensive project that intercepted electronic communications and his great public service that more than outweighs any breach of trust he may have committed (Cassidy). The government is known for having secret projects and missions that intrigue the public. Thats how some television shows are created and become popular. When characters in those shows breach protocol theyre either classified as traitors or heroes. The decision to endanger his life and career for the general public shows bravery. Snowden didnt have to release that information, but he chose to out of concern and care for safety of the public. The N.S.A is the national security agency that deals with American defense. Their job is to protect the U.S from foreign threats and keep the country secure. Snowden exposed the extent of N.S.A collection of information about telephone calls made by millions of Americans, as well as e- mails and other files of foreign targets and their American connection (Toobin). Although Snowden knew that there were going to be huge consequences for his actions, his conscience knew that this project couldnt continue. He was protected the peoples privacy and trying to keep a more secure online forum. The tracking of American allies could turn countries against each other and endanger the publics lives more than not knowing terrorists text messages. The most dangerous terrorist groups have already figured this out and dont use electronic communications, like Al Qaedas base in Pakistan. If the N.S.A was hacked, millions of peoples private information could be floating around the world with potential terrorists getting ahold of addresses, credit card information, and phone calls. This could enable terrorist groups to organize larger crimes with their access to private data. The benefits of public safety outweigh the potential harm of cheating or dishonesty. A persons integrity isnt breached when information is revealed, if the benefit to a greater good outweighs the consequences and punishment. Integrity damaged by cheating can be repaired through hard work, commitment, and persistence to personal morals and societal norms. Mademoiselle Loisel was a French women born into a poor family; she married a minor official, but always longed for more. When Mme. Loisel started doing heavy housework, to perform the hateful duties of cooking. She washed dishes, wearing down her shell-pink nails scouring the grease from pots and pans (de Maupassant). She learned her lesson of greed and insatiable desire for uppercrust life. If she hadnt had so much greed as to want to be an upper class women, she would never have gotten into this situation in the first place. Her excessive wanting for what wasnt hers clouded her judgement and view of life and what it has to offer. Loisel had plenty of good things in her life; she just didnt realize them till after her misfortune that drove her through years of hard work Mme. Loisel loses her friends diamond necklace and must find means of getting money to buy a new one. Mme. Loisel and her husbands hard work and labor reverse her misjudgements and dishonesty to herself. She became a peasant women, basket in arm, guarding sou by sou her scanty allowance, she bargained with the fruit dealers, the groce r, the butcher, and was insulted by them. (de Maupassant) Mme. Loisel and her husband embrace the life theyre thrown into and learn to live with less than they had before. Loisel grasps the importance of appreciating what you have and learns bargaining. She also become less sensitive and delicate with all the labor she must do, and emotional abuse ensued by harsh bargaining. If someone works hard enough, shows commitment, and persistence, their integrity can be restored from cheating. Breaking rules is a way for a person to show their integrity. As not all rules are fair to everyone in society. Rule following isnt always a requirement based off the definition that its being honest and having strong morals that makes you have integrity. If a rule is unjust to your personal morals, it may be justifiably broken. Students feeling intense stress in classroom look for alternatives, people feel they can cheat when the benefits outweigh the consequences, and if someone does damage their integrity they can heal it through hard work. Integrity has many gray areas in what defines cheating and breaking your integrity. Its a highly debated topic and should remain this way. Everyone has different views and opinions that are important to acknowledge, but no one person is ever correct.

The Key to Successful Writing a Research Paper

The Key to Successful Writing a Research Paper The Argument About Writing a Research Paper After all, you're making a paper outline so that you are able to guide yourself towards starting a research paper, so naturally, you won't need to enter the literature review procedure. Now you know the fundamental elements of a research paper, you're prepared to make the research paper outline. Pay for essay and get the best paper you'll need. When you're writing your research paper's introduction, you ought to be building it around a particular outline that supplies a general review of the paper. Apparently, you won't have the ability to compose a research paper if sufficient information regarding the subject isn't offered. Maximizing your research outline's purpose will be able to help you compose a thorough paper. Before you can even start to create a research paper outline, you want to understand what topic you're going to be discussing. A critical part of any research paper outline is going to be a literature review. It is possible to also decide that how much you're going to write in a particular part of the research paper. You will be certain that even if professor makes the decision to look at your paper online, he won't locate any plagiarism. Before you purchase custom research paper online, it must be sure that you are shaking hands withread more. As soon as you get a very good idea of a logical order, go right ahead and complete the body of your outline. You compose an outline to make sure you don't miss a few important thoughts and that everything is well -structured. An outline is useful in providing you a feeling of the general structure of your. What you're trying to do when writing an outline is to produce a systematic. The Fight Against Writing a Research Paper The ending of the paper is the overview of your arguments made in the body of the paper. Occasionally, you'll be requested to turn in a formal outline together with your paper. A research paper outline, though, will additionally have a hypothesis or thesis as a portion of the introduction. It can also comprise of the subtopics that will be featured in the main title. Completing a research paper can be rather challenging, so an increasing number of students turn to ResearchPaperBee and request help. The first reason behind writing a research paper outline might be the lecturer wanting to assess if you fully grasp the topic. You should make an effort to pick a topic for your research subject based on the instructions of your professor. After reading the thesis, there ought to be no doubt precisely what the research will be about. Research proposal writing is quite a crucial step in achieving an individu degree. An important portion of a university paper writing services reviews writing assignment is composed of re-writing. Buying research work saves you time you could have invested in doing the job. In the event you need assistance with research paper outline or some help with academic writing, don't hesitate to use our expert services. The Writing a Research Paper Game There are a couple of tips on how to compose your abstract but the very best advice is that you look at some journals applicable to your research and attempt to format your abstract in a similar way. As a variant, you can make a list of feasible outline headings, and then, in the procedure for writing or even at the very last stages, you could select the most suitable choices. You can also state which type of approach it is that you will use in your paper for the fu ll discussion of your topic. The paper should get off to a good beginning with regard to clarifying unfamiliar information as not to depart from your readers puzzled. Introducing Writing a Research Paper Technical report writing is among the best vehicles whereby you'll be able to share the outcomes of your research with other people. When it condenses and summarizes the entire report, it ought to be written after the report was completed. Create guidelines of what you would like to do in your research. Bear in mind that the outcomes of your research ought to be presented as plainly as possible. The Key to Successful Writing a Research Paper For a short and straightforward paper it might not be required to incorporate a contents page. There isn't anything more important than being sure your paper is unique. The date when the paper was submitted. As soon as your paper is completed, you can have the ability to submit it in good moment. Introducing Writing a Research Paper The body of the essay can be broken into various sub-topics that are related to the principal topic. Be certain to include enough references, because the reader might want to follow up your references for more research on this issue, or simply to get to learn more on the subject. After you've already decided what topic you're going to be writing about, the following thing you need to pay attention to is the reach of your paper or what you are going to be including in your discussion. Even when you're writing a research paper, it is reasonable to use subtle humor. Research paper writers should stick to the above mentioned matters also. Our experienced writers can essay writing departments. The essay writing must be carried out in a well-planned and structured method. Writing College research papers College courses demand various kinds of writing that employ a number of strategies for various audiences. A student isn't utilized to writing research papers like he's accustomed to writing essays, assignments and articles.

Stock Market Research Paper free essay sample

Brooke Boll Boll 1 Ms. Huneke English 2A January 24th 2010 America’s All Time Low The United States of America has always been known as a very strong, free, wealthy country. People all over the world immigrated to the U. s for many reasons one of them being the freedom and the opportunity to choose their own living. After World War I the United States of America went through a wide economic expansion because of the new technology. The stock market benefited greatly to all this money the country was making. Many people began putting money into stocks to make a fast killing. Most of these people never even thought that what was about to happen was even possible. The stock market will always go up is what everyone thought and never realized that it would soon come crumbling down. In September of 1929 the stock market hit an all time low which resulted in one of history’s greatest stock market disasters (Quinn). We will write a custom essay sample on Stock Market Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As everyone knows what goes up must come down there for in October of 1929 the market began to crash. â€Å"Even though most people did not own stocks the effects of the stock market crash were not limited to stockholders†(ABC-CLIO). The stock market crash affected the whole entire country. This down fall was one of the major factors that caused the great depression. â€Å"After ten years of soaring values, Wall street Boll 2 commodities plunged to frighteningly low depths on Black Tuesday, October 29, 1929. The stock market collapsed in a frenzy of selling in which a record 16 million shares were dumped† (Wukovits, 19). The millions of shares in the stock market being cut created financial issues for everyone. Very rich business men lost money in their stock and started to raise prices and cut salaries. Men and women all over the country lost their jobs and or saw their salary slashed. The unemployment percent skyrocketed and almost seven hundred banks were closed in the year of 1929, and eighty-five thousand businesses went bankrupt between 29 and 32(Wukovits, 18). The unemployment rate was nearly up to 25% in the 1930’s and did not drop back to 10% until the 1940’s. Not only did the unemployment ratio build but so did the amount of suicides throughout this time. The stock market affected everyone in the country due to the loss of money, jobs and homes. Homeless Americans then started to ride the rails. This was dangerous and when the railroads began to hire security that often started riots on the rails. Thousands of deaths were caused by jumping on and off train cars just to have somewhere to sleep. Americans all over could not pay for everyday things because they have lost so much money. â€Å"I knew the depression had really hit when the electric lights went out. My parents could no longer pay the one dollar electric bill† (ABC-CLIO). Prices of almost everything dropped hoping to fix the economies problems but with the salaries getting cut and jobs being lost the amount of income for most families could not even pay for basic life essentials. A winter coat was only twenty Boll 3 eight dollars, but people froze on the streets. A gas stove was nineteen ninety nine yet people all over America died of hunger due to the stock market crash and great depression. At only eight months in office the president of the United States during this crisis Herbert Hoover believed that the government should only play a small part in fixing the economy crisis. He tried to persuade the people and work force of America that the economy was perfectly fine and to keep living life as usual. He begged businesses not to lower their prices or cut down salaries and he also asked workers not to go on strike. Hoover firmly believed that government handouts would make the people of America weak. In Hoovers eyes handouts would not allow America to come together and fix this problem. â€Å"Herbert Hoover made massive public works programs to provide jobs for unemployed workers. He helped establish the federal farm board to assist farmers, the Federal Home Loan Bank Act to provide money for home purchases and the Reconstruction Finance Corporation to provide financing for large businesses† (Wukovits, 19). All of Hoover’s ideas and plans to make the market rise again could only do so much. So many banks tried to raise their interest rates on loans to brokers to raise money and help the economy build again but the stock market was like a roller coaster when it went up it fell back down just as hard. â€Å"Many investors lost their life savings, and many businesses and banks failed due to their losses. One economist, Roger W. Babson, was the first to predict the crash he drew on evidence that consumers’ credit burdens were increasing, steel production was dropping, auto sales were falling, and some stocks were showing signs of price inflation. Other Boll 4 economists, like Irving Fisher, dismissed the markets downward trend as a shaking-out of speculators that would ultimately bring stability† (Galbraith). The stock market crash may have been one major cause of The Great Depression but it was also a major part in American history. The crash started the reform of laws and led to the establishment of the

Woodrow Wilson Essays (2992 words) - Presidency Of Woodrow Wilson

Woodrow Wilson Thomas Woodrow Wilson, twenty-eighth president of the United States, might have suffered from dyslexia. He never could read easily, but developed a strong power of concentration and a near-photographic memory. The outbreak of World War I coincided with the death of Wilson's first wife Ellen Axson, who he was passionately devoted to. Seven months after her death his friends introduced him to Edith Bolling Galt, a descendant of the Indian princess Pocahontas, they were married nine months later. By 1912 times were good for most Americans. Farmers were enjoying their most prosperous period in living memory, the cost of living rose slightly, unemployment was lower than it had been for several years, and working conditions were improving. By 1913 when Wilson was inaugurated, American industries were in a flood of consumer goods, including automobiles, telephones, and movies. However, Wilson almost did not appear on the presidential ballot, the leading contender for the Democratic nominati on was House Speaker Champ Clark. It took 46 ballots before the delegates swung to Wilson. In the election, the Republicans were split between Taft and Roosevelt, almost guaranteeing a Democratic, and Wilson victory. He sought ways to build patriotism and to reshape the federal government to govern the nation more effectively. Wilson was a conservative, in his books and articles, he often displayed hostility to reformers and rebels. Although Woodrow Wilson is mostly remembered for his success in foreign affairs, his domestic reform and leadership abilities are notable as well. Commemorated by the public mainly for his success in guiding the nation during it's first great modern war, World War I, for getting out of the Mexico/Philippine muddle inherited from ex-president Taft, and for his dream of ending the threat of future wars through the League of Nations, Wilson is also admired for his domestic successes, which represented the Progressive Era of reform. Diplomatically, as well a s domestically these events illustrate Wilsons competent leadership skill. Woodrow Wilsons nomination was strongly opposed by the progressives but he eventually passed much of their domestic reforming legislation. The progressive movement backed by Wilson called for some government control of industry and for regulation of railroad and public utilities. Among its other goals were the adoption of primary elections and the direct election of United States senators. Wilson called Congress into special session to consider a new tariff bill, he personally delivered his legislative request to Congress. Moved by Wilson's aggressive leadership, the House swiftly passed the first important reform measure, the Underwood Tariff Bill of 1913, which significantly reduced the tariff for the first time in many years and reflected a new awareness that American businesses were now powerful enough to compete in the markets of the world. In the end the Underwood Tariff had nothing to do with trade but the importance was the income tax provision (later the 16th amendment) whic h would replace the revenue lost when duties were reduced. It also showed that America was powerful enough to compete without protection from the government. As Congress debated the tariff bill, Wilson presented his program for reform of the banking and currency laws. The nations banking system was outdated, unmanageable, and chaotic. To fix this Wilson favored the establishment of a Federal Reserve Board with presidentally appointed financial experts. The Board would set national interest rates and manage a network of twelve major banks across the country. These banks, which would issue currency, would in turn work with local banks. Congress passed the Federal Reserve act basically in the form the President had recommended. Amendments also provided for exclusive governmental control of the Federal Reserve Board and for short term agricultural credit through the reserve banks. This was one of the most notable domestic achievements of the Wilson administration which modernized the nations banking and currency systems, laying the basis for federal management of the economy and providing the legal basis for an effective national banking syst em. The final major item on Wilsons domestic agenda was the reform of big business. Big businesses worked against the public by fixing prices and restraining competition. Business and politics worked together, and Wilson sought to stop that. Determined to accept big business as an inevitable, but to control its abuses

One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest Themes essays

One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest Themes essays Ken Keseys novel, One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest, is a very interesting yet disturbing account of the human psyche. It is the story of several men living in an insane asylum and the journey of one unique man ironically trapped in this society. Randle McMurphy is an extremely dimensional character and this is shown through the books themes and illustration of life in an abnormal mind. In this novel, many themes exist through the characters but the strongest ones are those of rebellion, friendship and courage. The story portrays the mysteries of what goes on inside a mental institution, the need that the men in the asylum have for friendship, and the courage the men have to stand up to the their greatest fear, Mrs. Ratched. The themes of rebellion and courage are apparent constantly throughout the story because of the mens everyday, on-going struggle with Nurse Ratched. McMurphys endeavor with Ratched is the most centralized plot line of the book and his impact on the mens lives is of equal importance. When McMurphy came to the mental institution the men were so fascinated by him and they wanted to know everything about him. Randle was a gambler, a thief, and although very doubtful, a very courageous man. As soon as he came to the ward the Big Nurse knew he would be trouble. McMurphy did everything he could to try and make the nurse go crazy. He broke alm ost all of the rules. Randle tried to take all the other patients money by gambling, planned fishing trips the nurse was totally against, fought with the black boys (who were assistants on the ward), and gave the other men courage to stand up to Mrs. Ratched when they probably wouldnt have otherwise done so. Randle McMurphy brought courage to the ward. The value of friendship shows up quite frequently in the story because of the unique relationship between Randle and Chief Bromden, the narrator of the tale. ...

Jasper Johns Target with Plaster Casts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Jasper Johns Target with Plaster Casts - Essay Example The essay "Jasper Johns’ Target with Plaster Casts" explores the Target with Plaster Casts, work of Jasper Johns. Unlike Pollock and Rosenberg, Johns’ art makes use of non-introspective style. Non-introspective style finds no significance in the art itself but rather finds its meaning on the art object or the real object within the art. Johns believed that abstract expressionism void the real meaning from the art objects and thus preferred to express his work through Dadaism—the integration of both the medium and the visual art to understand its meaning. Hence, it challenges the viewers to redefine the stereotypical representation of the arts and look at it in a more inquisitive light. The influence of Dadaism to Johns’ work is evident on his Target with Plaster Casts. Though Johns made use of primary colors—red, black, and yellow to color his target; the base was done in layers. The colors he used were strong and very straight forward. Looking at t he art, one might find no abstract meaning but language through the use of primary colors. Since artists make use of color, shape, medium, or environment to covey separate meaning, combining each element morphs the art to represent a new meaning that viewers would have to decipher. In this case, Johns made us of the technique and color to convey meaning: the predominant red color depicts violence; black is representative of both calm and control; while yellow symbolizes jealousy. The cyclic pattern of black and yellow represent human’s capacity for emotion.

Teamwork Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Teamwork - Coursework Example Resistance to the approach may be due to the struggle over control of the leadership of the group, which may be due to divergent opinions or challenging the decisions made by the team leader (Cragan 78). Another reason for resistance may be due to hostile leadership where the team leader either may be racist, sexist or practices various discriminatory practices. Resistance in the form of a bid to control the team in terms of ideas may be dealt with by brainstorming of opinions shared by the team players and accommodating everyone’s opinion. Hostile leadership can be controlled by action from all the team players as opposed to the challenger and the team leader holding a private dialogue. Experts view teams as means, not an end in that they view the team as a way of achieving the vision of the organization. An end is described as the goal of the organization where the teams created are deemed as a way of achieving the vision and not the vision itself. Companies that focus on creating teams as opposed to achieving its goals is bound to collapse if the strategy is not looked into (Means 56). A company should focus on the ultimate aim of attaining its goals, which may be achieved by formation of teams among other strategies (Rothstein 100). It is important that team members analyze their team role at their work place, their contribution and whether or not they are comfortable with their specific position. The roles of team players may be categorized into task roles, nurturing roles and dysfunctional roles. One can become a better team member by understanding their responsibility and understanding that the decisions that they make affect the overall performance of the team. The concept of self-management of employees is highly successful in organizations where the decision-making by employees is embraced (Cheltenham 60). Self-managed groups are held

A Major Application Area Of Thermodynamics Engineering Essay

A Major Application Area Of Thermodynamics Engineering Essay A major application area of thermodynamics is refrigeration, which is the transfer of heat from lower temperature region to a higher temperature one. The devices that produce refrigeration are called refrigerators, and the cycles on which they operate are called refrigeration cycles. The most frequently used refrigeration cycle is a vapour-compression refrigeration cycle in which the refrigerant is vaporized and compressed alternatively and is compressed in the vapour phase. There are number of refrigerants which can be used in here, but the most commonly used on a commercial scale is a R12 (used in this experiment as well). The thermodynamics of ideal vapour compression cycle can be analyzed on a temperature versus entropy diagram as depicted in Figure 1. At point 1 in the diagram, the circulating refrigerant en- ters the compressor as a saturated vapour. From point 1 to point 2, the vapour is isentropically compressed (i.e., compressed at constant entropy) and exits the compressor as a superheated va- pour. From point 2 to point 3, the superheated vapour travels through part of the condenser which removes the superheat by cooling the vapour. Between point 3 and point 4, the vapour travels through the remainder of the condenser and is condensed into a saturated liquid. The condensation process occurs at essentially constant pressure. Between points 4 and 5, the saturated liquid refrigerant passes through the expansion valve (throttling device) and undergoes an abrupt decrease of pressure. This process results in the adia- batic flash evaporation and auto-refrigeration of a portion of the liquid (typically, less than half of the liquid flashes). The adiabatic flash evaporation process is isenthalpic (i.e., occurs at con- stant enthalpy). Figure 12 Temperature Entropy diagram 1 www. wikipedia.org/wiki/Refrigeration 2 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/RefrigerationTS.png UMAR DARAZ Page 3 of 22 Thermodynamics Lab 2 Between points 5 and 1, the cold and partially vaporized refrigerant travels through the coil or tubes in the evaporator where it is totally vaporized by the warm air (from the space being refrigerated) that a fan circulates across the coil or tubes in the evaporator. The evaporator operates at essentially constant pressure. The resulting saturated refrigerant vapour returns to the compressor inlet at point 1 to complete the thermodynamic cycle. The area under the process curve on T-s diagram represents the heat transfer for internally reversible processes. The area under the process curve 5-1 represents the heat absorption in the evaporator, the area under the process 2- 4 represents the heat rejection in the condenser. In the ideal vapour compression refrigeration cycle all the heat losses and disruptions are being ignored, but in actual refrigeration cycle, we need to take these losses into consideration as they have been mentioned in this report later. The Hilton refrigeration laboratory unit R714 is capable of following entities;  · Investigation of the variation in refrigerator duty or cooling ability for various condens- ing temperature and the heat delivered to the cooling water with variation in condensing temperature. We can also investigate the variation in refrigeration coefficient of per- formance for the various condensing temperature.  · Investigation of the variation in coefficient of performance based on electrical, shaft and indicated power, determination of the overall heat transfer coefficient for the condenser cooling coil and performance of the thermostatic expansion valve.  · Investigation of the heat delivered to the cooling water with variation in condensing tem- perature, coefficient of performance as a heat pump for various condensing temperature, as well as power input based on electrical, shaft and indicated power. The important aspect of this report is to demonstrate the two laws of thermodynamics i.e. first and second law of thermodynamics. The first law is simply an expression of the conservation of energy principle, and it asserts that energy is thermodynamic property. Qout = Wnet + Qin Equation (1) In this experiment the Qin is provided by input voltage, this input is used to do the net work done on the refrigerant by compressor and motor, and the result of this produces the heat which is being removed by the condenser i.e. Qout. The second law of thermodynamics asserts that energy has quality and quantity, and actual processes occur in the direction of decreasing quality of energy. UMAR DARAZ Page 4 of 22 Thermodynamics Lab 2 Aims and objectives: The Hilton refrigeration laboratory unit R712 has been designed to allow students to fully investigate the performance of a vapour compression cycle under various conditions of evaporator load and condenser pressure. The main objectives of this laboratory are listed below;  · The demonstration of application of the First and second law of thermodynamics.  · The introduction of to refrigeration plant and calculate the various coefficient of perform- ance.  · Investigation of system losses, this includes motor, compressor, evaporator and con- denser losses. These losses (friction, heat losses) occur only in practical/commercial refrigerator, there are no losses in ideal vapour compressor refrigerator. UMAR DARAZ Page 5 of 22 Thermodynamics Lab 2 Apparatus The figure shown below looks like a refrigeration laboratory unit R712 (not exactly it) and it consists of the following components; Figure 23 Refrigeration laboratory unit Panel: High quality glass reinforced plastic on which the following components are mounted. Refrigerant: R12 Digital Thermometer: A device that measures temperature. Wattmeter: Allows measurement of the power input to either evaporator or motor. Voltage Controller: To vary evaporator load. Variable Area Flow meters: Variable area types to indicator R12 and H2O flow rates. Pressure Gauges: To indicate R12 pressure in evaporator and condenser. Spring Balance and Tachometer: These two together allow measurement of power required to drive the compressor. Expansion Valve: Thermostatically controlled type i.e. throttling device. Evaporator: Electrically heated device i.e. heat exchanger Compressor: (Internally mounted) Twin cylinder belt driven unit, along with spring balance force system. Condenser: A device or unit used to condense vapor into liquid. It is also called heat exchanger. Motor: A machine that converts electricity into a mechanical motion. 3 www.p-a-hilton.co.uk/English/Products/ Refrigeration__2_/refrigeration__2_.html UMAR DARAZ Page 6 of 22 Thermodynamics Lab 2 Procedure4 In prior performing an experiment the most important things to do are, to measure the atmos- pheric pressure, which would be added to the gauge pressure to get an absolute pressure for both condenser and evaporator, and to balance the two tips of the spring balance force, being applied on the compressor. In failure to do these things would cause a sufficient amount of error in the final results. In this experiment the condenser pressure is being kept constant i.e. 900KPa. Step-1 Turn on the refrigeration plant using one of the control breakers, and setting the evaporator voltage i.e. 40 100 volts, at the same time balancing the two tips of compressor load and set the condenser pressure to 900KPa, using rota-meter. Step-2 Record the following values; Evaporator Amps (1-2.42A), from wattmeter, compressor speed using tachometer, water and refrigerant flow rate using flow meter. Step-3 Record the spring balance force, reading directly from the scale. The hot water is in the tubes is indicated by red and cold water is indicated by blue sign in the refrigeration plant. Step-4 The flow rate is controlled by a throttling device (valve), the small changes in opening and closing the valve, effect the condenser pressure. Step-5 The temperature values of the refrigerant at different stages in the whole cycle at constant pressure is given by temperature dialler. Now we had all the values we needed, now we changed evaporator Amps value, recorded rest of the values as mentioned earlier and repeated the whole experiment for three to four times. The Refrigeration Laboratory Unit has three controls. Firstly a combined miniature circuit breaker and switch turns on both the compressor motor and the supply to the electrically heated evaporator. A combined variable area water flow meter and valve allow control of the condenser pressure and a panel mounted voltage controller allows control of the evaporator load from zero to full power. Refrigerant R12 vapour is drawn into the compressor from the evaporator mounted on the front of the panel. Work is done on the gas in the compressor and its pressure and temperature are raised. This hot, high pressure gas discharges from the compressor and flows into the panel mounted water cooled condenser, where heat is removed from it. This liquid then flows through a thermostatic expansion valve. Here it passes through a controlled orifice, which allows its pressure to fall from that of the condenser to that of the evaporator. The refrigerant has a satu- rated vapour phase at this point. The voltage across the heater elements may be varied from zero to that of the mains supply voltage by adjustment of a voltage controller situated on the front panel. Measurement of the power is carried out by a panel mounted digital wattmeter. 4 http://www.p-a-hilton.co.uk/R714-Edition-2-GREY.pdf UMAR DARAZ Page 7 of 22 Thermodynamics Lab 2 Results The observation table below shows all the values of different components in the refrigeration plant along with input indices and output indices, enthalpy of the cycle and losses in the system. The calculations required to get those results (to complete the table) are also listed after this table below. 1 Condenser pressure (gauge) Pc KNm-2 900 900 900 2 Evaporator pressure (gauge) Pe KNm-2 -20 20 40 3 Condenser pressure (Abs) Pc KNm-2 1001.663 1001.663 1001.663 4 Evaporator pressure (Abs) Pe KNm-2 81.663 121.663 141.663 5 Compressor suction t1 0 C -23.5 -22.6 -5.2 6 Compressor delivery t2 0 C 59.9 68.5 69.4 7 Liquid leaving condenser t3 0 C 31.6 34.8 33.8 8 Evaporator inlet t4 0 C -32 -23.6 -19.1 9 Water inlet t5 0 C 23.8 21.6 21.4 10 Water outlet t6 0 C 41.2 38.6 39.5 11 Water flow rate Mw g s-1 1.5 5.0 6.0 12 R 12 Flow rate Mr g s-1 0.7 1.5 1.9 13 Evaporator Volts Ve V 40 70 100 14 Evaporator Amps Ie I 1 A 1.70 A 2.42 A 15 Motor Volts Vm V 235 232 232 16 Motor Amps Im A 3.6 3.6 3.6 17 Spring balance Force F N 5.5 7.5 8.2 18 Compressor speed nc rpm 477 474 473 UMAR DARAZ Page 8 of 22 Thermodynamics Lab 2 19 Motor Speed = 3.17 ÃÆ'- nc Nm rpm 1512.09 1502.58 1449.71 20 h1 KJ/Kg 340 345 360 21 h2 KJ/Kg 385 400 420 22 h3 KJ/Kg 225 240 250 23 h4 KJ/Kg 160 170 180 24 Qe,Elec = Ve ÃÆ'- Ie W 40 119 242 25 Qe, R 12 = Mr(h1 h4) W 126 262.50 342 26 Wc = 0.0172ÃÆ'-FÃÆ'-Nm W 143.043 193.832 204.467 27 Power factor at shaft (power Wc) pf 0.43 0.48 0.52 28 Wm = Vm. Im. pf W 363.78 400.89 434.31 29 Wc = Mr (h2 h1) W 31.5 82.50 114.0 30 Q cond = Mr (h2 h3) W 112 240 323 31 Qw = Mw ÃÆ'- 4.18 (t6 t5) W 109.09 376.20 428.87 32 CoPnet = Qe, Elec / Wm 0.109 0.296 0.557 33 CoP R12 = (h1 h4)/(h2 h1) 4.0 3.1818 3.00 34 t41 can be found by (t1 t4) 0 C 8.5 1.00 13.9 35 CoP (te-t2) = t41 / (t2-t41) 0.165 0.015 0.250 36 Motor loss = Wc Wm W -220.73 -207.06 -229.84 37 Compressor loss = Wc-Wc W -111.54 -110.33 -90.47 38 System loss = Qcond Qw W 2.91 -136.20 -105.87 39 System loss = Qe, R12 Qe,Elec W 86 143.50 100.0 UMAR DARAZ Page 9 of 22 Thermodynamics Lab 2 Figure 3 A graph represents the relationship between net CoP and evaporator temperature Figure 4 A comparison of different losses of the system in one graph against Evaporator temperature The fluctuation and randomness in the graphs is because of the poor calibration and less number of repeated results (less tests provide less information), and most of the recorded results are based on guessed values. Calculations To find absolute pressure, we need an atmospheric and gauge pressure of the component. Now for two individual components,  · Condenser As we know Patm = à Ã‚ gh = 13600 kg/m3 ÃÆ'- 9.81 m/s2 ÃÆ'- 762 ÃÆ'-10-3m = 101.663ÃÆ'-103 Kg / ms2 = 101.663 KN/m2 Hence Pgauge,cond = 900 KN/m2 Pabs,cond = Patm + Pgauge,cond = 101.663 + 900 = 1001.663 KN/m2  · Evaporator As Patm = à Ã‚ gh = 13600 kg/m3 ÃÆ'- 9.81 m/s2 ÃÆ'- 762 ÃÆ'-10-3m = 101.663ÃÆ'-103 Kg / ms2 = 101.663 KN/m2 i. Pgauge,Evap = -20 KN/m2 Pabs,Evap = Patm + Pgauge,Evap Therefore = 101.663 + (-20)= 81.663 KN/m2 ii. Pgauge,Evap = 20 KN/m2 Pabs,Evap = Patm + Pgauge,Evap = 101.663 + (20)= 121.663 KN/m2 iii. Pgauge,Evap = 40 KN/m2 Pabs,Evap = Patm + Pgauge,Evap Therefore = 101.663 + 40 = 141.663 KN/m2 To find Qw (Heat removal from condenser) As we repeated the experiment three times, so water flow rate have three different values, hence we need to find Qw at three points, Qw = Mw ÃÆ'- 4.18 (t6 t5) When Mw = 1.5 gs-1, t6 = 41.2 0C, t5 = 23.8 0C Qw = 1.5 ÃÆ'-4.18 (41.2 23.8) = 109.098 W UMAR DARAZ Page 11 of 22 Thermodynamics Lab 2 As Qw = Mw ÃÆ'- 4.18 (t6 t5) When Mw = 5.0 gs-1, t6 = 39.6 0C, t5 = 21.6 0C So Qw = 5.0 ÃÆ'-4.18 (39.6 21.6) = 376.2 W Qw = Mw ÃÆ'- 4.18 (t6 t5) When Mw = 6.0 gs-1, t6 = 38.5 0C, t5 = 21.4 0C Qw = 6.0 ÃÆ'-4.18 (38.5 21.4) = 428.87 W To find Wc (work done by the compressor or a shaft loss) The work done by the compressor depends on spring balance force and motor speed, hence to get more work done out of the compressor we need to increase any of the above mentioned parameters. Therefore Wc = 0.0172ÃÆ'-FÃÆ'-Nm i. Wc = 0.0172ÃÆ'-5.5ÃÆ'-1512.09 = 143.043 W ii. Wc = 0.0172ÃÆ'-7.5ÃÆ'-1502.58 = 193.832 W iii. Wc = 0.0172ÃÆ'-8.2ÃÆ'-1449.71 = 204.467 W To find Wm (work done by the motor on a shaft to rotate) The work done by the motor is a product of voltage provided, amount of current flowing the motor and power factor of the shaft, which gives us the following values; Wm = Vm ÃÆ'- Im ÃÆ'- pf i. Wm = 235 ÃÆ'- 3.6 ÃÆ'- 0.43 = 363.78 ii. Wm = 232 ÃÆ'- 3.6 ÃÆ'- 0.48 = 400.89 iii. Wm = 232 ÃÆ'- 3.6 ÃÆ'- 0.52 = 434.31 UMAR DARAZ Page 12 of 22 Thermodynamics Lab 2 To find CoPnet (Total coefficient of performance of refrigerant) CoPnet = Qe, Elec / Wm By substituting different values of electric input heat energy (artificial input energy) and the work done by the motor, we get net coefficient of performance of the cycle, i. CoPnet = 40 / 363.78 = 0.109 = 11% ii. CoPnet = 119 / 400.89 = 0.296 = 30% iii. CoPnet = 242 / 434.31 = 0.557 = 56% To find CoP (te-t2) This is the coefficient of performance of ratio of temperature values at point 1-4 and difference of it, to the temperature of the refrigerant after compression, so we get following CoP (te-t2) = t41 / (t2-t41) i. CoP (te-t2) = 13.9 / (69.4 13.9) = 0.250 = 25% ii. CoP (te-t2) = 8.5 / (59.9 8.5) = 0.165 = 16% iii. CoP (te-t2) = 1.0 / (68.5 1.0) = 0.015 = 1.5% To find Qe, R 12(Heat removal from Evaporator) The given equation is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Qe, R 12 = Mr (h1 h4) By substituting different values of enthalpy, which we recorded from a pressure enthalpy diagram, so we get i. Qe, R 12 = 0.7 (340 160) = 126.0 ii. Qe, R 12 = 1.5 (345 170) = 262.5 iii. Qe, R 12 = 1.9 (360 180) = 342.0 UMAR DARAZ Page 13 of 22 Thermodynamics Lab 2 To find Wc (Input work done or compressor work loss) The input work done by the compressor can be calculated by finding flow rate of the refrigerant R12 and the difference of enthalpy of refrigerant before and after the compression. Wc = Mr (h2 h1) Substituting all three values of the above parameters (variables), we get i. Wc = 0.7 (385 340) = 31.5 ii. Wc = 1.5 (400 345) = 82.5 iii. Wc = 1.9 (420 360) = 114 To find Q cond (Heat loss by the condenser) Similarly heat loss by the condenser is a product of refrigerant flow rate to the difference of enthalpy values of it, before entering and leaving the condenser, we get Q cond = Mr (h2 h3) Now, using above stated equationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ i. Q cond = 0.7 (385 225) = 112 ii. Q cond = 1.5 (400 240) = 240 iii. Q cond = 1.9 (420 250) = 323 To find CoPR12 (Coefficient of performance of refrigerant) CoP R12 = (h1 h4)/(h2 h1) Coefficient of performance of refrigerant is a ratio of all the enthalpy values in the cycle, here note that for ideal vapour compression refrigeration cycle h3 = h4 Hence we get i. CoP R12 = (340 160) / (385 340) = 4.00 ii. CoP R12 = (345 170) / (400 345) = 3.1818 iii. CoP R12 = (360 180) / (420 360) = 3.00 UMAR DARAZ Page 14 of 22 Thermodynamics Lab 2 Systems losses Motor loss = Wc Wm = 143.043 363.78 = -220.75 = 193.832 400.89 = -207.06 = 204.467 434.31 = -229.84 Compressor loss = Wc-Wc = 31.5 143.043 = -111.54 = 82.5 -193.832 = -110.33 = 114 204.467 = -90.47 System loss = Qcond Qw = 112 109.09 = 2.91 = 240 376.20 = -136.20 = 323 428.87 = -105.87 System loss = Qe, R12 Qe,Elec = 126 40 = 86.00 = 262.5 119 = 143.50 = 342 242 = 100.00 UMAR DARAZ Page 15 of 22 Thermodynamics Lab 2 Discussion of Results The observation table of results has been listed on page 8 9, and it is followed by all the calculations required to complete the table or to get the results. The experiment has been repeated three times, so all the results (values have been listed three times. In the calculation section the system losses and heat energy are shown as negative val- ues, its because the work is done on the system and heat is being removed from that particu- lar system, in this case its condenser. The positive values of system loss and heat energy shows that heat is being add in the system and work is done by the system, and in this case its evaporator. The condenser pressure i.e.900 KPa, was not exactly 900 KPa. As we were set- ting the pressure manually, so in the whole experiment the pressure was 900 KPa  ± 10%, it was because of the fluctuation in the gauge needle, so we assumed the considered pressure. The compressor pressure applied by spring balance force, affected the work done of the com- pressor on the refrigerant R12, because to get an accurate compressor work done, the two tips of the spring balance should be in balance (level), but during an experiment we were getting random values (results), so then I realised that something is wrong, so I looked at all the components of the refrigeration plant, and I found that the two tips of the spring were not bal- ance. Hence to get right results we had to redo the experiment. The throttling device or valve has a huge impact on condenser pressure, because by opening or closing i.e. changing a flow rate make a considerable amount of difference on condenser pressure and evaporator tem- perature. Motor loss refers to the consumption of electrical energy not converted to useful mechanical energy output, but in this case energy loss means less input energy to the compressor, which means a refrigerant would be less compressed by a compressor, so less heat would be re- moved by the condenser, and even after passing through the valve the refrigerant would still have a high temperature and pressure, hence less refrigeration would occur in a vapour com- pression cycle. Therefore we need to take into account power losses in the electric motor. In order to study this process more closely, refrigeration engineers use this pressure en- thalpy diagram shown in Figure 5. This diagram is a way of describing the liquid and gas phase of a substance. Enthalpy can be thought of as the quantity of heat in a given quantity, or mass of substance. The curved line is called the saturation curve and it defines the boundary of pure liquid and pure gas, or vapour. In the region marked vapour, its pure va- pour. In the region its marked liquid, it is a pure liquid. If the pressure rises so that we are considering a region above the top of the curve, there is no distinction between liquid and va- pour. Above this pressure the gas cannot be liquefied. This is called the Critical Pressure. In the region underneath the curve, there is a mixture of liquid and vapour. UMAR DARAZ Page 16 of 22 Thermodynamics Lab 2 3 2 4 1 Figure 65 Pressure Enthalpy diagram Evaporator Pressure line Condenser pressure line stage (Not a straight line) Isobar Condensation stage sion valve R12 Evaporation process 5 http://www.mvsengineering.com/chapter18.pdf UMAR DARAZ Page 17 of 22 Isentropic Compression R12 passing through Expan- Thermodynamics Lab 2 At the inlet of the compressor the temperature (t1) is the same as temperature of refrigerant R12 at the outlet of the evaporator. So we go straight from that temperature of left side of the doom (saturated liquid) to the right side of the doom (saturated vapour line), and then following the temperature gradient line, we go down and record the enthalpy value at that temperature and pressure. Similarly for the stage 2, we find h2 on x-axis. When the refrigerant leaves the condenser, it obtains a saturated liquid phase (left side of the doom), so taking the reference of condenser pressure line (red line), we take a straight line parallel to the y-axis, and wherever it meets the x-axis gives a value of enthalpy (h3) at stage three. In actual refrigerant plant, enthalpy at stage 3 and stage 4 is not same, but for the sake of calculation we assume that its an ideal condition and enthalpy at these two points is same. Test 1 As Compressor suction = t1 = -23.5 0C and condenser Pressure (Abs) = Pc = 1001.663 KNm-2 Hence the enthalpy h1 = 340 KJ/Kg Compressor delivery = t2 = 59.9 0C and Condenser Pressure (Abs) = Pc = 1001.663 KNm-2 Hence the enthalpy h2 = 385 KJ/Kg Here Liquid leaving condenser = t3 = 31.6 0C And Condenser Pressure (Abs) = Pc = 1001.663 KNm-2 Hence the enthalpy h3 = 225 KJ/Kg As mentioned earlier that h3 = h4 (Ideal condition) Hence the enthalpy h4 = 225 KJ/Kg But using temperature at evaporator inlet, t4 = -32 0C, we get Actual enthalpy value, h4 = 160 KJ/Kg Test 2 As Compressor suction = t1 = -22.6 0C and condenser Pressure (Abs) = Pc = 1001.663 KNm-2 Hence the enthalpy h1 = 345 KJ/Kg (from above p-h diagram) Compressor delivery = t2 = 68.5 0C and Condenser Pressure (Abs) = Pc = 1001.663 KNm-2 Hence using Figure 4, we get enthalpy h2 = 400 KJ/Kg Here Liquid leaving condenser = t3 = 34.8 0C And Condenser Pressure (Abs) = Pc = 1001.663 KNm-2 Hence the enthalpy h3 = 240 KJ/Kg UMAR DARAZ Page 18 of 22 Thermodynamics Lab 2 As mentioned earlier that h3 = h4 (Ideal condition) Hence the enthalpy h4 = 240 KJ/Kg But using temperature at evaporator inlet, t4 = -23.6 0C, we get Actual enthalpy value using figure 4, h4 = 170 KJ/Kg Test 3 As Compressor suction = t1 = -5.2 0C and condenser Pressure (Abs) = Pc = 1001.663 KNm-2 Hence the enthalpy h1 = 360 KJ/Kg Compressor delivery = t2 = 69.4 0C and Condenser Pressure (Abs) = Pc = 1001.663 KNm-2 Hence the enthalpy h2 = 420 KJ/Kg Here Liquid leaving condenser = t3 = 33.8 0C And Condenser Pressure (Abs) = Pc = 1001.663 KNm-2, Evaporator Pressure = 40 KPa Hence the enthalpy h3 = 250 KJ/Kg As mentioned earlier that h3 = h4 (Ideal condition) Hence the enthalpy h4 = 250 KJ/Kg But using temperature at evaporator inlet, t4 = -19.1 0C, we get Actual enthalpy value at this stage, h4 = 180 KJ/Kg 6However the expansion of the high pressure liquid, process 5 1 above is non reversible. Notice that Expansion is a constant enthalpy process. It is drawn as a vertical line on the P-h diagram. No heat is absorbed or rejected during this expansion, the liquid just passes through a valve, like water coming out of a tap. The difference is that because the liquid is saturated at the start of expansion by the end of the process it is partly vapour. Point 1 is inside the curve and not on the curve as described in the Evaporation process. At point 4 it starts to condense and this continues until point 5 when all the vapour has turned into liquid. Point 5 is saturated liquid. If more heat is removed, the liquid cools. It is then called sub-cooled liquid. Hence h4 is on a saturated liquid line (left side of the doom), and does not appear in a vapour compression cycle, and this is the case in all three tests. 6 http://www.alephzero.co.uk/ref/vapcom.htm#ph UMAR DARAZ Page 19 of 22 Thermodynamics Lab 2 As there is no moving part in the whole refrigeration plant apart from motor shaft of a compressor, so work done by them is zero, i.e. w = 0 So using steady state energy equation, we get W Q = h2 h1 Equation (2) As W =0, so equation (1) becomes Q = h2 h1 Or Q = h1 h2 Equation (3) The coefficient of performance or COP (sometimes CP), of a heat pump (i.e. refrigerator) is the ratio of the change in heat at the output (the heat reservoir of interest) to the supplied work.To find Cop value of refrigeration plant as well as for the refrigerant is a good practice, because this will illustrate that how much efficient of these two are. 7It takes a lot of heat to evaporate liquid. In other words a small amount of liquid circulating in a refrigerator can perform a large amount of cooling. This is one reason why the vapour compression cycle is widely used. The refrigeration system can be small and compact. Also from a practical point of view heat exchange is much better when using change of state evaporation and condensation. However the expansion of the high pressure liquid, process 5 1 above is non reversible. And so the efficiency of this cycle can never even approach Carnot efficiency. 7 http://www.alephzero.co.uk/ref/practcop.htm UMAR DARAZ Page 20 of 22 Thermodynamics Lab 2 Conclusion 8The vapour-compression cycle is used in most household refrigerators as well as in many large commercial and industrial refrigeration systems but the efficiency of this cycle can never even approach Carnot efficiency, because of its low coefficient of performance. In the refrigeration plant the operating parameters can be varied by adjustment of condenser cooling water flow and electrically heated evaporator supply voltage. Components have a low thermal mass resulting in immediate response to control variations and rapid stabilisation. Instrumentation includes all relevant temperatures, condenser pressure, evaporator pressure, refrigerant and cooling water flow rates, evaporator and motor power, motor torque and com- pressor speed. The most of components of refrigeration plant used in this experiment (R712) are manually calibrated scales (not digital), and based on this poor calibration all the recorded results are being guessed on the base of individual judgment, which is wrong most of the time. Anyway a small amount of liquid circulating in a refrigerator can perform a large amount of cooling. This is one reason why the vapour compression cycle is widely used. The enthalpy values which are being recorded directly from enthalpy pressure diagram (Figure 4), and based on how unclear that diagram is, I would say it is not a great source of information, but still we use this to find enthalpy. The system (refrigeration plant) has some losses, which have described earlier in this report, this includes motor loss, condenser and evaporator loss. In conclusion, I would like to say that by doing this experiment I learnt a great amount of knowledge, about refrigeration plant, and how it works, what kind of cycle more often use for this, how much efficient is this and how to calculate the different losses in this system. I would say by understanding the operation of this small scale refrigeration plant, I think I would be able to operate on an industrial scale refrigeration plant, because the basic principle is same. 8 http://www.alephzero.co.uk/ref/vapcomcyc.htm UMAR DARAZ Page 21 of 22 Thermodynamics Lab 2

Taste of Honey: From dependence to independence :: English Literature

Taste of Honey: From dependence to independence 'A Taste of Honey' was written by Shelagh Delaney when she was 18, and published in 1958. Four years later, in 1962, it was turned into a film. It shows life as it really was for many people in and around the slums of Salford, near Manchester, living with the poor housing and lack of opportunity. The characters are genuine; you can really believe in them. Some of the characters were totally different from the usual 'straight-laced' characters that were so common in the kitchen-sink dramas that were around at the time. For instance, a homosexual, a young pregnant unmarried girl, a semi-whore mother and a black sailor all living in the same areas, and some even living in the same houses as each other. This was completely different from the 'safe' plays of the time. There is hope in the play; the characters, especially Jo, are able to overcome their fears and problems and carry on with their lives. The characters in a taste of honey speak like typical working class people in the north of England. There are not many examples of regional dialect, but there are a few, such as when Helen says, 'Eee, there's a terrible draught,' showing that Helen is a resident of Lancashire. The characters drop letters, making them sound more common. There are many examples of this, including Jo saying, 'You packed 'em,' and Helen saying, 'Turn 'em all'. This shows that Helen and Jo are ordinary, common, working class or lower, people. The ancient Greeks believed that a play had to be realistic, and that to be realistic the action of the play should have one setting. The time the play took to act should be equal to the time covered in the plot and that the play should have only one main story. The Greeks called these ideas the 'three unties of time, action and place'. This is different to a taste of honey in that the play, although only having one main plot, has a sub-plot. The main story is the story of Jo, and the sub-plot being Helens story. There are many objects in the play which could contain a hidden meaning, from something a simple as darkness or a light bulb, to deeper things such as an eye patch or children singing. The list is endless. The very first instance of symbolism is the play's title, 'a taste of honey'. A taste is a very small amount for a short period of time. Honey is sweet, and therefore honey represents good. From Jo's point of view, her life is bad.

Gillette Essay

Case Analysis for Gillette: Product and Marketing Innovation 9/11/2012 Abstract Gillette is seeking means to retain dominance in market share they have lead for the last century. Along with sustaining market share Gillette has continued focus on expanding worldwide into less saturated markets. In this analysis multiple alternatives will be explored in order to make a recommendation on steps that would favor Gillette’s organization in meeting their aspirations. Situation Analysis Product quality and efficient marketing are the core value propositions that set the pace for Gillette’s success. With continued innovation in both product development and marketing strategies Gillette has been able to retain a commanding worldwide market share in a highly competitive, but mature, razor and blade market. Strong market share allowed Gillette to sustain profits even through economic droughts in recent years. On the flip side, Gillette’s innovation success also posed challenges. In order to maintain their market share, a dependency on continuous product improvement formed over time. Now Gillette will need to determine how to balance investment in research and development along with other areas of the organization. At times their own innovation of new product lines impacted their leading product lines in the market. During the 1990s Gillette found themselves cannibalizing their own successful products when trying to out due the competition. Even though internal competition shifted sales from one product line to another, Gillette’s sales were able to re-coop development costs. Expanding market share around the world also revealed challenges with varying religious and culture beliefs. Western influences have started to generate growth with European woman as younger generations watch American movies and television that depict women with sleek underarms and legs. Gillette’s latest innovation, the Fusion 5(+1) blade, was back in 2006. Since then Schick, Gillette’s leading competitor has not responded with their own break through. Gillette should be wondering what Schick might do next. Problem As the market Gillette has lead for so long became mature, their growth ultimately declined due to market saturation and increase competition. Fluctuations occurred only when newer, more innovative products were introduced. This put more pressure on development advancements and marketing tactics. Many analysts believe that Gillette and Schick, leaders in razors and blades, have reached the end of meaningful product innovation [1]. In 2006 when the Fusion 5(+1) blade was introduced, it exploded off the shelves. Gillette sold more than 4 billion Fusion razors with in the first two months. The Fusion’s initial success was quickly fleeting as sales reports showed that razors were outselling the cartridge refills. This was very concerning to Gillette as it is well-known that razor manufacturers earn most of their profits from refills, not the initial razor purchase. Critics also questioned why five blades were needed to get the best shave when Gillette had touted its three-bladed Mach3 as †the best a man can get. † â€Å"Consumer reports conclude that there were no additional performance benefits provided by the five-bladed Fusion, especially when compared to the Mach3† [1 pg391]. Economic recession also impacted sales as Gillette’s products went up in price due to a need to re-coop development costs. How can Gillette continue to maintain or grow market share in a mature market and keep future strategies aligned with customer wants? Alternatives Continue product line and marketing without major change. No additional research and development costs would need to be spent, which in return reduces the need to raise prices for maintaining their profit margin. However the risk looming would be competitor innovation impacting current market share. Schick may produce a new innovative product that would sway consumers from purchasing Gillette’s products. As stated in the case Gillette must find new ways to innovatively out-produce or out-market the competition. Investing in research and development to create new product line or enhance current products adds considerable expenses. Development costs will need to be re-cooped. This will keep competitors in check, but will be challenging to keep pricing competitive. Compliment current leading product lines that keep consumers happy. Promoting Christmas, Father’s day and Mother’s day gift grooming kits that meets more of the consumer’s needs will also introduce consumers to other product lines Gillette has to offer. Focus marketing potential growth opportunities globally by challenging resistance in product awareness and interests. As a Gillette razor consumer, I have encountered an inconvenience that I think can be solved and build customer loyalty. I’ve been using Mach 3 razors for over fifteen years, and when purchasing refills I have found it difficult to find blades that are compatible with the razor handle that I own. Thinking out of the box, what if Gillette were to make razor handles that are compatible with any of Gillette’s product line of refills? This would then provide consumers the freedom to purchase from a variety of Gillette’s product lines without having to spend extra money on a handle that works with the particular product refill. Owning a Gillette universal handle would also encourage customers to stay with Gillette refills as converting to another brand would cost more with the initial required handle purchase. Implementation From the case I would assume Gillette will continue to â€Å"innovatively out-produce or out-market the competition† [1]. I believe moving forward with developing a universal handle with Gillette refills would accomplish this. This would require investment into developing a new handle and rollout of the product. Here is an approximate timeline to complete.

What Can You Do with a Degree in Chemistry